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An Introduction to Bond Markets by Moorad Choudhry
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    Description of An Introduction to Bond Markets

    This book describes and defines bonds within the context of the capital markets and the different types of bonds that are traded. It includes a detailed look at the analytical techniques used in the market by traders and fund managers. This new edition will update the section on swaps and risk management, update all exercises and examples, add a new section on credit derivatives, add a section on structured finance securities & add a section on trading. Contents also include: Bond yield Measurement, Interest Rate Risk, The UK gilt market and corporate debt markets, Risk Management, Off balance sheet instruments, including swaps and options, and Overseas and emerging markets.

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    Contents of An Introduction to Bond Markets

    Foreword
    Preface
    About the author

    1. INTRODUCTION TO BONDS

    Description
    Outline of market participants
    Bond analysis
    Financial arithmetic: The time value of money
    Present value and discounting
    Discount factors
    Bond pricing and yield: The traditional approach
    Bond pricing
    Bond yield
    Accrued interest
    Clean and dirty bond prices
    Day-count conventions
    Illustrating bond yield using Excel spreadsheets
    Bibliography

    2. THE YIELD CURVE, AND SPOT AND FORWARD YIELDS

    The yield curve
    Yield-to-maturity yield curve
    The par yield curve
    The zero-coupon (or spot) yield curve
    The forward yield curve
    Theories of the yield curve
    Spot rates
    Discount factors and the discount function
    Implied spot and forward rates
    Understanding forward rates
    The term structure of interest rates
    Bibliography

    3. BOND INSTRUMENTS AND INTEREST-RATE RISK

    Duration, modified duration and convexity
    Duration
    Properties of Macaulay duration
    Modified duration
    Convexity
    Bibliography

    4. REVIEW OF FLOATING-RATE NOTE BOND INSTRUMENTS

    Floating-rate notes
    Inverse floating-rate note
    Description
    Hedging the note
    Indexed amortising note
    Description
    Advantages to investors
    Synthetic convertible note
    Description
    Investor benefits
    Interest differential notes
    Example of IDN
    Benefits to investors
    Convertible Quanto Note
    Example of Japanese Equity Note
    Bibliography

    5. THE MONEY MARKETS

    Introduction
    Securities quoted on a yield basis
    Money market deposits
    Certificates of deposit
    CD yields
    Securities quoted on a discount basis
    Treasury bills
    Banker's acceptances
    Eligible banker's acceptance
    Commercial paper
    Commercial paper programmes
    Commercial paper yields
    Money market screens on Bloomberg
    Repo
    Definition
    The classic repo
    Examples of classic repo
    The sell/buy-back
    Examples of sell/buy-back
    Repo collateral
    Legal treatment
    Margin
    Variation margin.

    5.A Currencies using money market year base of 365 days

    6. THE EUROBOND MARKET

    Eurobonds
    Foreign bonds
    Eurobond instruments
    Conventional bonds
    Floating rate notes
    Zero-coupon bonds
    Convertible bonds
    The issue process: market participants
    The borrowing parties
    The underwriting lead manager
    The co-lead manager
    Investors
    Fees, expenses and pricing
    Fees
    Expenses
    Pricing
    Issuing the bond
    The grey market
    Alternative issue procedures
    Covenants
    Trust services
    Depositary
    Paying agent
    Registrar
    Trustee
    Custodian
    Form of the bond
    Temporary global form
    Permanent global bond
    Definitive form
    Registered bonds
    Fiscal agent
    Listing agent
    Clearing systems
    Market associations
    International Capital Market Association
    Bloomberg screens
    Secondary market
    Settlement
    Bibliography

    7. CONVERTIBLE BONDS, MTNs AND WARRANTS

    Description
    Analysis
    Value and premium issues
    Warrants
    Medium-term notes
    MTN programme
    Shelf registration
    Credit rating
    Secondary market
    Issuers and investors
    MTNs and corporate bonds

    8. CREDIT RATINGS

    Credit ratings
    Purpose of credit ratings
    Formal credit ratings

    9. INFLATION-LINKED BONDS

    Basic concepts
    Choice of index
    Indexation lag
    Coupon frequency
    Type of indexation
    Index-linked bond cash flows and yields
    TIPS cash flow calculations
    TIPS price and yield calculations
    Assessing yields on index-linked bonds
    Which to hold: indexed or conventional bonds?
    Bibliography

    10. AN INTRODUCTION TO SECURITISED BONDS

    The concept of securitisation
    Reasons for undertaking securitisation
    Benefits of securitisation to investors
    The process of securitisation
    Securitisation process
    SPV structures
    Credit enhancement
    Impact on balance sheet
    Credit rating
    Redemption mechanism
    Average life
    Illustrating the process of securitisation
    Bloomberg screens
    Bibliography

    11. INTRODUCTION TO DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

    Interest-rate swaps
    Characteristics of IR swaps
    Swap spreads and the swap yield curv
    Swap duration
    Summary of IR swap
    Non-standard swaps
    Using swaps
    Cancelling a swap
    Zero-coupon swap pricing
    Hedging using bonds and swaps
    Swaptions
    Cross-currency swaps
    Bloomberg screens
    Futures contracts
    Description
    Bond futures contracts
    Futures pricing
    Arbitrage-free futures pricing
    Hedging using futures
    The hedge ratio
    Interest-rate options
    Introduction
    Definition
    Option terminology
    Option premium
    Pricing options
    Behaviour of option prices
    Using options in bond markets
    Hedging using bond options
    Exotic options
    Bibliography

    12. INTRODUCTION TO CREDIT DERIVATIVES

    Introduction
    Why use credit derivatives?
    Classification of credit derivative instruments
    Definition of a credit event
    Asset swaps
    Credit default swaps
    Credit-linked notes
    Total return swaps
    Synthetic repo
    Reduction in credit risk
    Capital structure arbitrage
    The TRS as a funding instrument
    Credit options
    General applications of credit derivatives
    Use of credit derivatives by portfolio managers
    Supply and demand and the credit default swap basis
    A negative basis
    Supply and demand
    CDS mechanics
    Bibliography

    13. APPROACHES TO GOVERNMENT BOND TRADING AND YIELD ANALYSIS

    Introduction
    The determinants of yield
    Spread trade risk weighting
    Identifying yield spread trades
    Coupon spreads
    Butterfly trades
    Basic concepts
    Putting on the trade
    Yield gain
    Convexity gain
    Bloomberg screens
    Bibliography

    14. RISK MANAGEMENT

    Characterising risk
    Risk management
    The risk management function
    Interest-rate risk
    Value-at-Risk
    Definition
    Calculation methods
    Validity of the variance-covariance (correlation) VaR estimate
    Assessment of VaR tool
    VaR Methodology for credit risk
    Modelling VaR for credit risk
    Time horizon
    Applications of credit VaR
    Bibliography

    Glossary
    List of abbreviations
    Index

    About Moorad Choudhry

    Dr Moorad Choudhry is Head of Treasury at KBC Financial Products in London. He is a Visiting Professor at the Department of Economics, London Metropolitan University, a Visiting Research Fellow at the ICMA Centre, University of Reading, a Senior Fellow at the Department of Mathematical Trading and Finance, Cass Business School, and a Fellow of the Securities and Investment Institute.

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