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Using and Negotiating Over-the-counter Derivatives Documentation by Christian Johnson
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Using and Negotiating Over-the-counter Derivatives Documentation [Paperback]

by Christian Johnson

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Description of Using and Negotiating Over-the-counter Derivatives Documentation

Make sure you completely understand the ISDA Agreements and how to apply them in OTC derivatives transactions.

How does the 2002 Master Agreement differ from earlier Agreements?

What are the key issues in using and negotiating the Agreements?

Everything you need to know about OTC derivatives transactions in one easy guide!

An accurate, complete and efficient source for information about the salient business, credit and legal issues in OTC derivative documentation.

The same, practical advice you expect from weekly Learning Curves in one new volume.

This book is your complete guide to

* a detailed explanation of how the Commodity Exchange Act affects OTC derivatives
* summary of the accounting for derivatives and the effect of FAS 133
* collateral issues
* events of default and caluculation of damages
* insolvency and bankruptcy of counterparties
* withholding tax considerations
* modifying loan documentation to take into account a borrower's use of derivatives

Includes a reproduction of the ISDA Agreement and selected reading lists at the end of each chapter, providing you with sources for more technical discussions.

Ideal for lawyers and documentation specialists as a quick resource to use during negotiations and for those wanting to understand the basic issues in OTC derivatives documenation.

From the Editors of Derivatives Week and Institutional Investor Books.

Title Information

ISBN:
9781843741954
Pages:
194 pages
Format:
Paperback
Product Code:
22099
Publisher:
Euromoney Institutional Investor
Published:
31/01/2005
Edition:
New title Edition

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Contents of Using and Negotiating Over-the-counter Derivatives Documentation

1. An overview of OTC derivatives
Definition of �derivative�
Exchange versus OTC derivatives
Examples of exchange derivatives
Examples of OTC derivatives
Regulation: exchange versus OTC
Standardization versus customization
Development of the OTC derivative market
OTC derivative participants
Dealers
End-users
Speculators
Role of ISDA
Interest rate derivatives
Plain vanilla interest rate swap
Interest rate caps
Currency derivatives
Commodity derivatives
Equity derivatives
Credit derivatives
Standardization
ISDA standard forms
Confirmations
ISDA Master Agreements
Schedule
Credit Support Documents
Other ISDA materials

2. The documentation process
Beginning the process
Use of dealer�s form of the Schedule
No change to pre-printed ISDA forms
Role of the documentation specialist
Approval process for dealers
Negotiating the ISDA Master Agreement
Multicurrency-Cross Border versus Local Currency-
Single Jurisdiction
Timing of negotiations
Negotiating the Schedule
Negotiating the Confirmation
Economic terms
Definitions
Standard provisions
Responsibility for preparation
Long-form Confirmations
Master Confirmations
Negotiating Credit Support Documents
ISDA Credit Support Annex
Bilateral obligations
Guaranties and other forms of credit support
Other negotiating considerations
Abdicating negotiations to the lawyers
Requesting non-market amendments
Failure to get document deliveries
Lean and mean staffing
Prisoner to one�s own policies

3. Key issues in the 1992 ISDA Master Agreement
Specified Entity
Specified Transaction
Cross Default
Election
Definition of Specified Indebtedness
Default threshold
Cross acceleration
Credit Event Upon Merger
Automatic Early Termination
Payments on Early Termination
Additional Termination Events
Changes in financial condition
Unique concerns
Tax representations
Agreement to deliver documents
Certified resolutions
Incumbency certificate
Financial statements
Legal opinions
Multibranch Party
Calculation Agent
Credit Support Documents and Credit Support Providers
Governing law
Specifying New York law
Choice of forum
Netting
Affiliate
Contractual set-off provision
Set-off rights under New York law
ISDA�s contractual set-off provision
Expansion to include affiliates
Set-off provisions and multi-lender loan agreements

4. Understanding the 2002 ISDA Master Agreement
Early termination payments (damages)
The Close-Out Amount
Cure periods
Default under Specified Transactions
Credit Event Upon Merger
Force majeure Termination Event
Payee tax representations
Interest accrual provisions

5. Key collateral issues
Importance of collateral
ISDA Credit Support Annex
Threshold
Threshold amounts
Dealer�s threshold amount
Independent Amount
Minimum Transfer Amount
Eligible collateral
Cash
U.S. government securities
Agency debt securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Euros and European government securities
Other collateral
Calls for collateral
Valuation Date and Valuation Time
Specified Conditions
Rehypothecation
Motivation behind rehypothecation
Minimizing risks of rehypothecation

6. Calculation of damages
Fluctuating obligations
Termination of the ISDA Master Agreement
Events of Default
Failure to Pay or Deliver � Section 5(a)(i)
Breach of Agreement � Section 5(a)(ii)
Credit Support Default � Section 5(a)(iii)
Misrepresentation � Section 5(a)(iv)
Default under Specified Transaction � Section 5(a)(v)
Cross Default � Section 5(a)(vi)
Bankruptcy � Section 5(a)(vii)
Merger Without Assumption � Section 5(a)(viii)
Termination Events
Illegality � Section 5(b)(i)
Tax Event and Tax Event Upon Merger � Sections 5(b)(ii) and (b)(iii)
Credit Event Upon Merger � Section 5(b)(iv)
Additional Termination Events � Section 5(b)(v)
Payments on Early Termination
Payments for Events of Default
First Method versus Second Method
Market Quotation versus Loss
Example: Second Method and Market Quotation
Payments for Termination Events
One Affected Party
Two Affected Parties and mid-market calculation
Changes under the 2002 Master Agreement

7. Representations
Basic Representations
Commodity Exchange Act
Background
1989 Policy Statement
CFTC Regulation � 17 CFR Part 35
Commodity Futures Modernization Act
Excluded commodities
Exempt commodities
CFMA representations
Eligible Contract Participation
CFTC Regulation and Policy Statement representations
Swap agreement
Standardized agreements
Credit risk
Line of business
Non-reliance
Background
Suggested representations
Security law representations
Regulation EE representation

8. OTC derivatives and insolvency
Effects of uncertain legal treatment
U.S. Bankruptcy Code concerns
Swap participant and swap agreement
The automatic stay
Problems of the automatic stay
Exemption from automatic stay for swap agreements
Terminating the ISDA Master Agreement
Netting and cherry picking
Preference payments and avoiding power
Banking insolvency law concerns
Close-out netting
Pre-insolvency payments
Automatic Early Termination
Concerns with Automatic Early Termination
Remaining importance of Automatic Early Termination
FDICIA
Definition of financial institution
Qualitative test
Quantitative test
Pending legislation
Definition of swap agreement
Cross-product master agreements
FDICIA changes
Other changes

9. International tax withholding issues
Gross-up mechanics
Gross-up example
Indemnifiable Tax
U.S. tax withholding and IRS reporting concerns
Characterization of derivative payments
Resolution of U.S. withholding concerns
U.S. tax representations
Payor tax representation
U.S. payee tax representations
Treaty representation
Effectively connected representation
U.S. person
Non-U.S. branch of a foreign person
Foreign person
Not-effectively connected representation
U.S. tax withholding forms
Interest payments under the ISDA Master Agreement
Other tax withholding considerations
Tax Event Termination Event
Tax Event Upon Merger Termination Event

10. OTC derivatives and loan documentation
Loan Documentation Review
Controlling use of OTC derivatives
Defining OTC derivatives
Measuring OTC derivatives
Indebtedness covenant
Tenor, purpose, and counterparty quality
Tenor
Purpose
Quality of counterparty
Agent approval
Lien covenant
Affirmative covenants
Default provisions
Securing OTC derivative transaction obligations
Multi-lender loan agreements
Potential conflicts
Declaring an Event of Default
Application of proceeds
Paying off the loan
Incorporation of loan covenants

11. Accounting for derivatives
Definition of a derivative
Exclusions from FAS 133
Embedded derivatives
Overview of accounting for derivatives
Fair-value hedges
Cash-flow hedges
Foreign-currency hedges
Financial Statement Disclosure

Appendix 1: Multicurrency-Cross Border ISDA Master Agreement (1992 Version)
Appendix 2: Example of Interest Rate Swap Confirmation
Appendix 3: Selected bibliography
Appendix 4: Selected OTC derivative websites
Appendix 5: Other related websites


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